Tesla

An American electric-vehicle and energy company whose AI work centers on driving automation and robotics. Its Autopilot driver-assistance system (from 2014) and 'Full Self-Driving' software, renamed FSD (Supervised) in 2024, rely on cameras alone rather than lidar and on data from millions of customer cars; version 12 (2024) replaced most hand-written driving code with an end-to-endend-to-end learning, n.: Training one AI system to go straight from raw input, such as camera images, to the final output, such as steering commands, instead of chaining hand-designed steps. neural network. Its robotaxirobotaxi, n.: A taxi with no human driver: you summon it with a phone app, and a self-driving car picks you up and drives you to your destination. service began in Austin, Texas, in June 2025 with company safety monitors on board and began some rides without an employee in the car in January 2026. US regulators have investigated many crashes involving the systems, which critics say were marketed as more capable than they are. Tesla also develops the Optimus humanoid robothumanoid robot, n.: A robot built roughly in human shape, with a head, torso, two arms and usually two legs, so that it can work in spaces and with tools designed for people. and has built AI training supercomputers, including its custom-chip Dojo project, which it largely shut down in 2025. Andrej Karpathy led its AI and computer-vision team from 2017 to 2022.